Macroeconomic Dashboard
Core national-level indicators · GDP, inflation, monetary policy, fiscal position, external accounts
Last updated: March 2025
GDP Growth on Track — 5.1% in 2024
Malaysia's full-year GDP growth came in at 5.1% for 2024, above consensus of 4.4% and recovering from the 3.6% print in 2023. Domestic demand was the primary driver alongside a rebound in exports.
BNM Holds OPR at 3.00% — Neutral Stance Maintained
Bank Negara has held the Overnight Policy Rate steady at 3.00% since May 2023. Policy guidance remains data-dependent amid elevated global uncertainty.
Fuel Subsidy Rationalisation Risk — Fiscal Pressure
RON95 petrol subsidy reform is active. One-time CPI spike of 0.5–1.2 ppt estimated upon full pass-through. Monitor for second-round wage effects and consumer sentiment impact.
MYR Weakness — USD/MYR Above 4.70
The ringgit has traded near multi-year lows against the USD driven by dollar strength and regional EM outflows. Import costs elevated; export-oriented sectors benefit. BNM intervention risk increases above 4.80.
GDP Growth (2024)
5.1%
DOSM · Quarterly GDP · Annual revision
Headline CPI (Feb 2025)
1.8%
DOSM · Consumer Price Index
OPR (BNM)
3.00%
BNM · Monetary Policy Committee
Unemployment Rate
3.3%
DOSM · Labour Force Survey
USD/MYR
4.71
BNM · Daily FX Reference Rate
Trade Balance (Jan 2025)
RM +9.8B
DOSM · External Trade Statistics
Gov. Debt (% GDP)
64.3%
MOF · Fiscal Outlook Report
FDI Approved (2024)
RM 378B
MIDA · Investment Statistics
Industrial Production (Jan)
+4.2%
DOSM · IPI Monthly
KLCI (Bursa)
1,622
Bursa Malaysia · Daily Close
Fiscal Deficit (% GDP)
-3.8%
MOF · 2024 Budget Performance
Current Account (% GDP)
+1.9%
BNM · Balance of Payments
GDP Growth Rate
Annual % change · 2016–2024 · Source: DOSM
CPI Inflation
Headline & Core YoY % · Jan 2023–Feb 2025 · Source: DOSM
Interest Rate Policy
OPR & 10Y MGS Yield · Source: BNM
Fiscal Position
Government deficit & debt-to-GDP · Source: MOF
Methodology: All GDP data uses 2015 constant prices from DOSM national accounts. CPI uses 2010=100 base. OPR sourced directly from BNM monetary policy statements. Fiscal data from Ministry of Finance Fiscal Outlook Report. Data refresh: monthly for flow data, quarterly for GDP and balance of payments.
Microeconomic Indicators
Consumer spending · Business confidence · Labour market dynamics · SME health · Wage trends
Retail Sales (Jan 2025)
+5.6%
DOSM · Retail Trade Statistics
Business Confidence
105.2
MIER · Business Conditions Survey
Consumer Sentiment
91.4
MIER · Consumer Sentiment Index
Average Monthly Wage
RM 3,441
DOSM · Salaries & Wages Survey
Labour Force Participation
70.8%
DOSM · Labour Force Survey
SME Credit Growth
+6.1%
BNM · Financial Stability Review
Construction Activity
+8.9%
DOSM · Construction Statistics
Real Wage Growth
+3.0%
DOSM · Derived (Nominal − CPI)
Consumer & Business Sentiment
MIER indices · Quarterly 2022–2024 · 100 = neutral threshold
Labour Market Dynamics
Unemployment rate & LFPR · Monthly · Source: DOSM
Wage Growth vs Inflation
Nominal wages YoY vs CPI YoY · Real purchasing power
Retail Sales & E-Commerce
Monthly YoY change · Traditional vs digital channels
Labour Market Snapshot
Labour force (millions)17.2M
Employed persons16.6M
Unemployed (thousands)568K
Youth unemployment (15–24)11.4%
Underemployment rate3.1%
Gig economy share (est.)~14%
SME Ecosystem Health
SME share of GDP38.4%
SME employment share48.2%
SME credit outstandingRM 561B
NPL ratio (SME)3.8%
New business registrations+8.2% YoY
Business closures-3.1% YoY
Sector Performance Analysis
GDP contribution, growth ranking, and YoY change across all major economic sectors
Sector GDP Growth (2024)
YoY % change by sector · Source: DOSM
GDP Composition (2024)
Share of nominal GDP by sector
Sector Scorecard
Growth, contribution, and trend signals · Q4 2024
| Rank | Sector | Growth (YoY) | GDP Share | Trend | Signal | Bar |
|---|
Digital Economy & Tech Sector
Semiconductor exports, tech FDI, and digital GDP share · 2020–2024
Commodities: Oil, Palm Oil, Rubber
Index (2020=100) · Price trend comparison
Foreign Exchange & Trade
Ringgit dynamics, trade balance, export composition, and reserve adequacy
USD/MYR
4.71
BNM Daily Reference Rate
EUR/MYR
5.11
CNY/MYR
0.648
International Reserves
USD 116B
BNM Weekly Reserve
Exports (Jan 2025)
RM 121B
DOSM Trade Statistics
Imports (Jan 2025)
RM 111B
Trade Balance
RM +10B
Current Account Balance
+1.9% GDP
BNM Balance of Payments
USD/MYR Exchange Rate
Daily close · 2022–2025 · BNM reference
Trade Balance
Exports vs Imports · Monthly RM billions · DOSM
Export Composition (2024)
By product category · Share of total exports
Top Trading Partners
2-way trade value RM billions · 2024
Capital Markets
KLCI performance, fixed income, equity flows, and market structure
KLCI Index
1,622
Bursa Malaysia
KLCI P/E Ratio
15.2x
KLCI Dividend Yield
3.8%
10Y MGS Yield
3.89%
BNM Bond Market
Foreign Equity Flows (YTD)
-RM 1.2B
Bursa Weekly Report
Market Cap (Bursa)
RM 1.96T
KLCI Index
Monthly close · 2020–2025 · Bursa Malaysia
Yield Curve
Malaysian Government Securities · Current vs 1Y ago
Foreign vs Domestic Equity Flows
Monthly net flows RM millions · 2024–2025 · Bursa
Correlation & Analysis Layer
Cross-indicator relationships, trend signals, and automated economic intelligence
Indicator Correlation Matrix
Pairwise Pearson correlations (5-year data) · Blue = positive, Red = negative
Economic Health Scorecard
Composite score by pillar · 0–100 scale · Q4 2024
Trend Signal Watchlist
AI-flagged inflection points and acceleration/deceleration signals
GDP Growth Momentum
Quarter-on-quarter rate of change · Acceleration signal
Inflation Decomposition
CPI component contributions ppt · Food, Transport, Housing, Others
Key Macro Relationships
OPR → Ringgit (r = +0.41)
RelationshipPositive, moderate
Lag1–3 months
InterpretationRate hikes attract carry inflows → MYR appreciation pressure
Current implicationBNM hold limits MYR support
Oil Prices → Government Revenue (r = +0.78)
RelationshipStrong positive
ChannelPetronas dividend + petroleum royalties
2024 Brent avgUSD 81/bbl
Fiscal sensitivity±RM 300M per ±$1/bbl
USD/MYR → Import Inflation (r = +0.69)
RelationshipStrong positive
Lag2–4 months
Key categoriesFood, fuel, machinery
Pass-through rate~35–45% partial
FDI → Industrial Output (r = +0.62)
RelationshipPositive, lagged
Lag6–18 months (capex cycle)
Primary sectorsSemiconductor, E&E, Data Centres
2025 outlookStrong pipeline; AI data centre surge
Data Architecture & Source Registry
Complete indicator inventory with sources, update frequencies, and validation protocols
Macroeconomic Indicators
Real GDP & components
National accounts, expenditure & production approach. Advance, preliminary, final releases.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Headline + core (excl. food & energy). Base 2010=100. 12 COICOP categories.
Overnight Policy Rate (OPR)
BNM monetary policy rate. 6 MPC meetings/year. Floor and ceiling rates tracked.
Labour Force Survey
Employment, unemployment, LFPR. Age and sector breakdowns.
Trade Statistics
Exports, imports, trade balance. By commodity and trading partner.
BNM International Reserves
Total international reserves in USD. Import months cover calculated separately.
Industrial Production Index
Manufacturing, mining, electricity. Base 2015=100. MSIC classification.
Government Budget Position
Revenue, expenditure, deficit/surplus. Debt-to-GDP from Fiscal Outlook Report.
Balance of Payments
Current account, capital account, FDI flows. IMF BPM6 standard.
MGS / Bond Yields
Malaysian Government Securities yield curve. 3M to 30Y tenors. Via BNM FAST system.
Foreign Exchange Rates
BNM daily reference rates for 20+ currencies. NEER/REER index tracked quarterly.
FDI & Investment Approvals
Approved investments by sector and country of origin. Manufacturing, services, primary.
Microeconomic Indicators
Retail Trade Index
Retail sales volume and value. Includes food, motor vehicles, general merchandise.
Business Conditions Survey
Business Conditions Index (BCI). Current & expected conditions. 100 = neutral.
Consumer Sentiment Index
Household perceptions on income, spending, and major purchases. 100 = neutral.
Salaries & Wages Survey
Mean and median wages by industry, occupation, education, state.
Construction Statistics
Value of work done, permits issued, employment in construction.
SME Credit Data
Loans outstanding, new disbursements, NPL ratios for SME segment.
E-Commerce & Digital Economy
E-commerce transaction value, digital GDP share, internet penetration.
Housing Price Index
Malaysian House Price Index. State and type breakdowns. Volume & value transactions.
Data Integration & Validation Protocol
Ingestion Pipeline
Primary methodAPI pull + web scrape
BNM dataBNM OpenAPI v1
DOSM dataDOSM OpenDOSM API
Bursa dataStructured PDF + RSS
FormatNormalise → Parquet/JSON
FrequencyDaily/Monthly/Quarterly
Data Quality Controls
Missing dataForward-fill → flag & alert
Outlier detection3σ rule + IQR fence
Revision trackingVersion-stamped snapshots
Cross-validationBNM vs DOSM reconcile
Alert threshold>2 std dev deviation
Audit logImmutable append-only
Technical Implementation Blueprint
Recommended technology stack, deployment architecture, and access management for production deployment
Data Ingestion
Apache Airflow + Python
Orchestrate scheduled data pulls from BNM OpenAPI, OpenDOSM, MIDA, and Bursa. DAGs per source with retry logic and Slack alerting on failure.
Open Source Python 3.11+
Data Storage
PostgreSQL + TimescaleDB
Time-series optimised relational database. Hypertables for indicator data. Partitioned by indicator_id and date. JSONB for raw source snapshots.
Time-series Auditable
Data Processing
dbt + Pandas
dbt for transformation models and data lineage. Pandas/NumPy for statistical computations (correlations, seasonal adjustment, YoY calcs).
Lineage Tested models
API Layer
FastAPI + Redis Cache
REST + WebSocket API exposing indicator endpoints. Redis for sub-second caching of frequently-accessed KPIs. JWT authentication for access tiers.
Fast Versioned
Visualisation
React + Chart.js / Recharts
SPA dashboard with component-level data fetching. TailwindCSS for responsive layout. Dark/light mode. Exportable charts as PNG/SVG.
Interactive Mobile-first
Deployment
Vercel + Railway / Render
Low cost Auto-deploy
Frontend on Vercel (existing leiholding.com). Backend API + Airflow on Railway or Render. PostgreSQL managed instance. CI/CD via GitHub Actions.
Alerting & Monitoring
Grafana + Prometheus
System health monitoring. Custom economic alerting rules: deviation alerts, data freshness checks. Slack/Discord webhook delivery to InsightInvest channels.
Alerts SLA monitoring
Access Control
Clerk / Supabase Auth
Three-tier access: Public (macro KPIs), Patreon subscriber (full dashboard), Private advisory (raw data export + API access). Stripe integration for gating.
Monetisable Patreon sync
Access Tiers
Public (Free)12 macro KPI cards
Patreon (Subscriber)Full dashboard + charts
Advisory (RM 3,499)API access + raw export
Data refresh SLA24h (monthly), 1h (daily)
Historical depth20 years (where available)
Estimated Build Timeline
Phase 1 — Data pipeline2–3 weeks
Phase 2 — Backend API1–2 weeks
Phase 3 — Dashboard UI2–3 weeks
Phase 4 — Auth + access tiers1 week
Total MVP6–9 weeks solo
Integration note for InsightInvest: This dashboard can be embedded as a protected route at leiholding.com/malaysia-monitor. Patreon webhook → Clerk role grant can automate subscriber access. The advisory tier (RM 3,499 Stripe) unlocks the raw data API endpoint — positioning the tool as both a content marketing asset and a conversion gateway for private advisory clients.